【英語論文の書き方】第34回　参考文献で日本語論文をどう記載すべきか 論文翻訳・英文校正　研究者専門の翻訳会社　ワールド翻訳サービス

前回の第33回では、
（１）report と showの時制　（２）論文の見出しの書き方についてのヒント
（３）”hereafter”などの表現　を取り上げました。

今回の３つのトピックはこちらです。
(1) Listing Japanese-language papers in the References section of your paper
論文の参考文献で日本語論文を挙げるときの書き方について。
特に規定がない場合、一般的なケースとして参考にしてみてください。

(2) Writing the names of geographical features such as mountains, rivers, lakes, and so on
地理的な固有名詞（山・川・湖など）を英語でどう表記するか迷うことはありませんか？
近年は省庁、自治体で規定を設けている場合があるので、
一般的なケースとして参考にしてみてください。

(3) Two approaches to using the word respectively in a sentence
”respectively”の用法についてです。


 

In this review, first we look at styles that can be used when you need to list Japanese-language papers in the References section of your paper. This is followed by some hints on writing the names of geographical features such as mountains, rivers, and lakes. We then conclude with a brief description of two different approaches to using the word respectively in a sentence.

Most journals have their own preferred style for listing publications in the References section, so when you are preparing a paper for publication in a particular journal, naturally you should follow the style used by that journal. Possible variations in style include whether the authors’ initials are listed before or after their surnames (e.g., “T. Suzuki” vs. “Suzuki T.”), the use or nonuse of punctuation after initials (e.g., “T. Suzuki” vs. “T Suzuki”), where the year is written (e.g., after the authors’ names vs. at the end of each reference), the use of italics and boldface, and so on.
 
There is, however, a certain style question that Japanese researchers often encounter if they have cited any Japanese-language papers in their report: How should the Japanese titles of those papers be written in the References section? In answer to this question, there are two main styles that can be used when referring to Japanese papers in an English-language publication.
 
First, try to find out whether the Japanese paper has an official English title. Often, papers that are written in Japanese and published in a Japanese journal have, in addition to their Japanese title, an English title (and also sometimes even an Abstract written in English). You can discover this by searching for the paper on the Internet, focusing on the journal or other publication in which it originally appeared. If you find that the paper has an official English title, you should use that title in the References section. Here is an example of the style you can use if you know the official English title (the following references are not real publications, but are given here only as hypothetical examples):
 
[5] T. Suzuki and J. Takahashi. 2013. “Properties of ultrathin films.” J. Ultrathin Film Soc. Jpn. 20, 56–63 (in Japanese).
 
In the above example, “Properties of ultrathin films” is the official English title appearing on the paper itself together with the main Japanese title.
 
On the other hand, if the paper has no official English title (or if the official English title is clearly incorrect in some way), it is usually best to write the Japanese title in italicized roman letters first, then add your own English translation of that title enclosed in square brackets; for example:
 
[5] T. Suzuki and J. Takahashi. 2013. “Chōhakumaku no tokusei” [Properties of ultrathin films]. J. Ultrathin Film Soc. Jpn. 20, 2013, 56–63 (in Japanese).
 
Notice that in both cases, the expression “(in Japanese)” is written at the end (without quotation marks). Notice also the use of the macron over the letter o (i.e., ō) in the romanized word Chōhakumaku (rather than writing Chouhakumaku). For more information on the use of macrons, please see Item (2) in the Winter 2014 issue of Quarterly Review (Issue No. 15).

The names of peninsulas are usually preceded by the definite article, the (e.g., the Iberian Peninsula). The same applies to mountain ranges (e.g., the Himalayas), deserts (e.g., the Sahara Desert), rivers (e.g., the Ganges River), and seas and oceans (e.g., the Mediterranean Sea, the Pacific Ocean). However, the names of capes, mountains, and lakes are not usually preceded by the, because, unlike the peninsulas, etc. mentioned above, the word indicating the geographical feature (such as cape) is written first; e.g., Cape Canaveral, Mt. Everest, Lake Titicaca.
 
When writing the names of Japanese geographical features, you can either write, for example, the Tonegawa River (including the Japanese suffix -gawa [“river”]) or the Tone River (omitting the Japanese suffix). The recommended style these days is to include the Japanese suffix; for example, the Sumidagawa River, the Jōren-no-taki Waterfall, Lake Yamanaka-ko, and so on. However, this generally does not apply to large or well-known geographical features, so we would write Mt. Fuji rather than Mt. Fuji-san, or Tokyo Bay rather than Tokyo-wan Bay, for example.

There are two possible ways to use the word respectively in a sentence:
 

1. At the end of the sentence; e.g., “Samples X, Y, and Z weighed 10, 20, and 30 g, respectively.”
2. Immediately after the main subject of the sentence (Samples X, Y, and Z in this case); e.g., “Samples X, Y, and Z respectively weighed 10, 20, and 30 g.” Here is another example of this type: “Figures 2, 3, and 4 respectively show the low-, medium-, and high-level structures.”

 
Type (a) is the most commonly used form, while Type (b) is useful if you are listing multiple sets of items and wish to avoid a repetitious sentence structure; for example, “Samples X, Y, and Z weighed 10, 20, and 30 g, respectively, whereas samples A and B respectively weighed 30 and 40g.”
 
As a final comment on this topic, note that the word respectively is always preceded by a comma in Type (a), but there are no commas either before or after respectively in Type (b).
 
Until next time, best wishes as always,
 
Bob Gavey
For World Translation Services, Inc.

第１回　if、in case、when の正しい使い分け：確実性の程度を英語で正しく表現する
http://worldts.com/english-writing/eigoronbunwriting-1/index.html
 
第2回 「装置」に対する英語表現
http://worldts.com/english-writing/eigoronbun-equipment/index.html
 
第3回　助動詞のニュアンスを正しく理解する：「～することが出来た」「～することが出来なかった」の表現
http://worldts.com/english-writing/eigoronbun3/index.html
 
第4回　「～を用いて」の表現：by と with の違い
http://worldts.com/english-writing/eigoronbun-writing4/index.html
 
第5回　技術英文で使われる代名詞のitおよび指示代名詞thisとthatの違いとそれらの使用法
http://worldts.com/english-writing/eigoronbun-daimeishi/index.html
 
第6回　原因・結果を表す動詞の正しい使い方：その1 原因→結果
http://worldts.com/english-writing/eigoronbun6-kekka/index.html
 
第7回　原因・結果を表す動詞の使い方：その2 結果→原因
http://worldts.com/english-writing/eigoronbun-kekka/index.html
 
第8回　受動態の多用と誤用に注意
http://worldts.com/english-writing/eigoronbun-writing8/index.html
 
第9回　top-heavyな英文を避ける
http://worldts.com/english-writing/eigoronbun-topheavy/index.html
 
第10回　名詞の修飾語を前から修飾する場合の表現法
http://worldts.com/english-writing/eigo-ronbun10/index.html
 
第11回　受動態による効果的表現
http://worldts.com/english-writing/eigo-ronbun11/index.html
 
第12回　同格を表す接続詞thatの使い方
http://worldts.com/english-writing/eigo-ronbun12/index.html
 
第13回 「技術」を表す英語表現
http://worldts.com/english-writing/eigo-ronbun13/index.html
 
第14回　「特別に」を表す英語表現
http://worldts.com/english-writing/eigo-ronbun14/index.html
 
第15回　所有を示すアポストロフィー + s ( ’s) の使い方
http://worldts.com/english-writing/eigo-ronbun15/index.html
 
第16回　「つまり」「言い換えれば」を表す表現
http://worldts.com/english-writing/eigo-ronbun16/index.html
 
第17回　寸法や重量を表す表現
http://worldts.com/english-writing/eigo-ronbun17/index.html
 
第18回　前置詞 of の使い方: Part 1
http://worldts.com/english-writing/eigo-ronbun18/index.html
 
第19回　前置詞 of の使い方: Part 2
http://worldts.com/english-writing/eigo-ronbun19/index.html
 
第20回　物体や物質を表す英語表現
http://worldts.com/english-writing/eigo-ronbun20/index.html
 
第21回　句動詞表現より1語動詞での表現へ
http://worldts.com/english-writing/eigo-ronbun21/index.html
 
第22回　不定詞と動名詞: Part 1
http://worldts.com/english-writing/eigo-ronbun22/index.html
 
第23回　不定詞と動名詞の使い分け: Part 2
http://worldts.com/english-writing/eigo-ronbun23/index.html

第24回　理由を表す表現
http://worldts.com/english-writing/eigo-ronbun24/index.html

第25回　総称表現　（a, theの使い方を含む）
http://worldts.com/english-writing/eigo-ronbun25/index.html
　
第26回　「研究開発」を表す英語表現
http://worldts.com/english-writing/eigo-ronbun26/index.html

第27回　「0～１の数値は単数か複数か？」
http://worldts.com/english-writing/eigo-ronbun27/index.html

第28回　「時制－現在形の動詞の使い方」
http://worldts.com/english-writing/eigo-ronbun28/index.html

第29回 　then, however, therefore, for example など接続副詞の使い方
​http://worldts.com/english-writing/eigo-ronbun29/index.html

第30回　 まちがえやすいusing, based onの使い方－分詞構文
​http://worldts.com/english-writing/eigo-ronbun30/index.html

第31回　 比率や割合の表現（ratio, rate, proportion, percent, percentage）
http://worldts.com/english-writing/eigo-ronbun31/index.html

第32回　英語論文の書き方　総集編
http://worldts.com/english-writing/eigo-ronbun32/index.html

第33回　Quality Review Issue No. 23　report, show の時制について
​http://worldts.com/english-writing/eigo-ronbun33/index.html